Book 7 Test 1 Section 2

Adequate adjective Synonym: Sufficient

Enough in quantity, or good enough in quality, for a particular purpose or need

· An adequate supply of hot water

· The room was small but adequate.

· There is a lack of adequate provision for disabled students.

Adequate for something

· The space available is not adequate for our needs.

Adequate to do something

· Training that is adequate to meet the future needs of industry

Aqueducts noun Synonym: Canal

A structure for carrying water, usually one built like a bridge across a valley or low ground

· Water is provided through an aqueduct.

Aquifers noun Synonym: Water Channel

A layer of rock or soil that can absorb and hold water

· An aquifer of California

Consequences noun Synonym: Results, name of a game

A game in which each player writes the first line of a story on a piece of paper and then passes it to the next player who writes the second line, and so on. Each player folds the paper so that the next player cannot see what is already written. The result is a number of crazy and often funny stories. The stories follow a pattern that always begins with the names of two people and ends with the sentence

· 'And the consequence was…’

Conserve verb Synonym: Save

Conserve something to use as little of something as possible so that it lasts a long time

· Help to conserve energy by insulating your home.

· Renewable energy resources can help conserve fossil fuels and reduce carbon emissions.

Conserve something to protect something and prevent it from being changed or destroyed

· New laws to conserve wildlife in the area.

Ecological adjective Synonym: Environmental

Connected with the relation of plants and living creatures to each other and to their environment

· We risk upsetting the ecological balance of the area.

· An ecological disaster (= one that alters the whole balance of ecology in an area)

Interested in and concerned about the ecology of a place

· The ecological movement

Ecosystems noun Synonym: Environment

All the plants and living creatures in a particular area considered in relation to their physical environment

· Islands often support delicate ecosystems that evolved without any need for defence.

Endangered adjective Synonym: Jeoperdize

(used about groups of animals, plants, etc.) at risk of no longer existing

· 14% of primate species are highly endangered.

· These orang-utans are critically endangered due to habitat loss.

· The sea turtle is an endangered species .

Entwined verb Synonym: Entangle

Entwine something (with/in/around something) to twist or wind something around something else

· They strolled through the park, with arms entwined.

· The balcony was entwined with roses.

Be entwined (with something) to be very closely involved or connected with something

· Her destiny was entwined with his.

· Their lives are entwined.

Environmental adjective Synonym: Natural

Connected with the natural conditions in which people, animals and plants live; connected with the environment

· The environmental impact of pollution

· Environmental issues/problems

· An environmental group/movement (= that aims to improve or protect the natural environment)

· Environmental damage

Connected with the conditions that affect the behaviour and development of somebody/something

· Environmental influencesan

· Environmental health officer

Jeopardising verb Synonym: Endanger

Jeopardize something/somebody (formal) to risk harming or destroyingsomething/somebody

· He would never do anything to jeopardize his career.

· This scandal could seriously jeopardize his chances of being re-elected.

Manipulate verb Synonym: Manoeuver

(disapproving) to control or influence somebody/something, often in a dishonest way so that they do not realize it

Manipulate somebody/something

· She uses her charm to manipulate people.

· As a politician, he knows how to manipulate public opinion.

Manipulate somebody into something/into doing something

· They managed to manipulate us into agreeing to help.

Manipulate something (formal) to control or use something in a skilful way

· To manipulate the gears and levers of a machine

· Computers are very efficient at manipulating information.

Manipulate something (specialist) to move a person’s bones or joints into the correct position

· After a lot of effort, he succeeded in manipulating the joints of the old man.

Millenium noun Synonym: Millenia

A period of 1 000 years, especially as calculated before or after the birth of Christ

· The second millennium AD

· For millennia, it was accepted that the earth was at the centre of the universe.

The millennium the time when one period of 1 000 years ends and another begins

· How did you celebrate the millennium?

Nevertheless adverb Synonym: Nontheless

Despite something that you have just mentioned

· There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law.

· Nevertheless, it is important that we try.

· Our defeat was expected but it is disappointing nevertheless.

· The old system had its flaws, but nevertheless it was preferable to the new one.

Occupants noun Synonym: Denizen

A person who lives or works in a particular house, room, building, etc.

· All outstanding bills will be paid by the previous occupants.

A person who is in a vehicle, seat, etc. at a particular time

The car was badly damaged but the occupants were unhurt.

Outset noun Synonym: Start

at/from the outset (of something)

At/from the beginning of something

· I made it clear right from the outset that I disapproved.

· You should have made that clear right at the outset.

Preventable adjective Synonym: Avertable

That can be stopped from happening

Preventable diseases/accidents

Replenished verb Synonym: Filled

Replenish something (with something) (formal) to make something full again by replacing what has been used

· To replenish food and water supplies

· Allow me to replenish your glass.

Soar verb Synonym: Rocket

[intransitive] if the value, amount or level of something soars, it rises very quickly

· Soaring costs/prices/temperatures

· Air pollution will soon soar above safety levels.

· Unemployment has soared to 18%.

[intransitive] soar (up) (into something) to rise quickly and smoothly up into the air

· The rocket soared (up) into the air.

· (figurative) Her spirits soared (= she became very happy and excited).

[intransitive] to fly very high in the air or remain high in the air

· An eagle soaring high above the cliffs

[intransitive] to be very high or tall

· Soaring mountains

· The building soared above us.

[intransitive] when music soars, it becomes higher or louder

· Soaring strings

Sophisticated adjective Synonym: Cultured, Refined

Having a lot of experience of the world and knowing about fashion, culture and other things that people think are socially important

· The sophisticated pleasures of city life

· Mark is a smart and sophisticated young man.

(of a machine, system, etc.) clever and complicated in the way that it works or is presented

· Highly sophisticated computer systems

· Medical techniques are becoming more sophisticated all the time.

(of a person) able to understand difficult or complicated ideas

· A sophisticated audience

Thrive verb Synonym: Flourish

To become, and continue to be, successful, strong, healthy, etc.

· New businesses thrive in this area.

These animals rarely thrive in captivity.