7 T1 S3
Accredited adjective Synonym: Certified
(of a person) officially recognized as something; with official permission to be something
· Our accredited representative
· Only accredited journalists were allowed entry.
Officially approved as being of an accepted quality or standard
· A fully accredited school/university/course
Attribute verb Synonym: Chracteristic
To say or believe that somebody is responsible for doing something, especially for saying, writing or painting something
Attribute something
· The committee refused to attribute blame without further information.
Attribute something to something to say or believe that something is the result of a particular thing
· She attributes her success to hard work and a little luck.
Attribute something to somebody
· This play is usually attributed to Shakespeare.
Autocratic adjective Synonym: Despotic
Having complete power; involving rule by somebody who has complete power
· An autocratic leaderautocratic regimes
Expecting to be obeyed by other people and not caring about their opinions or feelings
· An autocratic manager
Baroque noun Synonym: Decorative
The grand and highly decorated style used in European architecture, art and music in the 17th and early 18th centuries
· Paintings representative of the baroque
Beforehand adverb Synonym: Premature
Earlier; before something else happens or is done
· Two weeks/three days/a few hours beforehand
· I wish we'd known about it beforehand.
· He warned me beforehand what to expect.
Categorical adjective Synonym: Explicit
Expressed clearly and in a way that shows that you are very sure about what you are saying
· To make a categorical statementto give a categorical assurance
· They gave him a categorical assurance that he would not be hurt.
Concentrating verb Synonym: Focus, Intencify
[intransitive, transitive] to give all your attention to something and not think about anything else
Concentrate (on something/on doing something)
· I can't concentrate with all that noise going on.
Concentrate something
· Nothing concentrates the mind better than the knowledge that you could die tomorrow (= it makes you think very clearly).
Concentrate something (on something/on doing something)
· I decided to concentrate all my efforts on finding somewhere to live.
[transitive] concentrate something + adv./prep. To bring something together in one place
· Power is largely concentrated in the hands of a small elite.
· We need to concentrate resources on the most run-down areas.
· Fighting was concentrated around the towns to the north.
[transitive] concentrate something (specialist) to increase the strength of a substance by reducing its volume, for example by boiling it
Consciousness noun Synonym: Awareness
The state of being able to use your senses and mental powers to understand what is happening
· I can't remember any more—I must have lost consciousness.
· She did not regain consciousness and died the next day.
The state of being aware of something
· His consciousness of the challenge facing him
· Class-consciousness (= consciousness of different classes in society)
The ideas and opinions of a person or group
· Her newly developed political consciousness
· Issues affecting the popular consciousness of the time
Counterproductive Adjective Synonym: Detrimental
Having the opposite effect to the one which was intended
· Increases in taxation would be counterproductive.
· Introducing sanctions at this point could be politically counterproductive.
· It would be counterproductive to act hastily at this stage.
· Counterproductive behaviour/policies/effects
Dispensed verb Synonym: Distribute
Dispense something (to somebody) (formal) to give out something to people
· The machine dispenses a range of drinks and snacks.
Dispense something (to somebody) (formal) to provide something, especially a service, for people
· The organization dispenses free health care to the poor.
· To dispense justice/advice
Dispense something to prepare medicine and give it to people, as a job
· To dispense a prescription
· (British English) to dispense medicine
· (British English) a dispensing chemist
Dramatisation noun Synonym: Presentation
[uncountable, countable] the process of presenting a book, an event, etc. as a play or film/movie; a play or film/movie of this kind
· A television dramatization of the trial
[uncountable] the act of making something seem more exciting or important than it really is
· She has a tendency to dramatization.
Elusive adjective Synonym: Ambiguous
Difficult to find, define or achieve
· Eric, as elusive as ever, was nowhere to be found.
· The elusive concept of ‘literature’A solution to the problem of toxic waste is proving elusive.
Emulate verb Synonym: Mimic
Emulate somebody/something (formal) to try to do something as well as somebody else because you admire them
· She hopes to emulate her sister's sporting achievements.
Emulate something (computing) (of a computer program, etc.) to work in the same way as another computer, etc. and perform the same tasks
· Microsoft Windows and Linux are emulating many aspects of each other.
Hypnosis noun Synonym: Trance
An unconscious state in which somebody can still see and hear and can be influenced to follow commands or answer questions
· She only remembered details of the accident under hypnosis.
· Changes in breathing observed during hypnosisthe things that people remember under hypnosis
· He uses hypnosis as part of the treatment.
· Hypnosis helped me give up smoking.
Illustration noun Synonym: Explanation
[countable] a drawing or picture in a book, magazine, etc. especially one that explains something
· 50 full-colour illustrations
[uncountable] the process of illustrating something
· The art of book illustration
[countable, uncountable] a story, an event or an example that clearly shows the truth about something
· The statistics are a clear illustration of the point I am trying to make
· Let me, by way of illustration, quote from one of her poems.
Improvised verb Synonym: Spontaneous
[intransitive, transitive] to make or do something using whatever is available, usually because you do not have what you really need
· There isn't much equipment.
· We're going to have to improvise.
Improvise something
· We improvised some shelves out of planks of wood and bricks.
· We hastily improvised a screen out of an old blanket.You can quickly improvise a shield to protect your arm.
[intransitive, transitive] to invent music, the words in a play, a statement, etc. while you are playing or speaking, instead of planning it in advance
· ‘It'll be ready some time next week, I expect,’ she said, improvising.
Improvise on something
· He improvised on the melody.
Improvise something
· An improvised speech
Inadequate adjective Synonym: Insufficient
Not enough; not good enough
· Inadequate supplies
Inadequate for something
· The system is inadequate for the tasks it has to perform.
Inadequate to do something
· The food supplies are inadequate to meet the needs of the hungry.
(of people) not able, or not confident enough, to deal with a situation
· I felt totally inadequate as a parent.
Likewise adverb Synonym: Similarly
(formal) the same; in a similar way
· He voted for the change and he expected his colleagues to do likewise.
(formal) also
· Her second marriage was likewise unhappy.
(informal) used to show that you feel the same towards somebody or about something
· ‘Let me know if you ever need any help.’ ‘Likewise.’
Notoriety noun Synonym: Infamy
Fame for being bad in some way
notoriety (for something)
· She achieved notoriety for her affair with the senator.
· This make of car has a certain notoriety for rust problems.
Notoriety (as something)
· He gained a certain notoriety as a gambler.
Peripheral adjective Synonym: Extra, Outside
formal) not as important as the main aim, part, etc. of something
· Peripheral information
· Matters of peripheral concern
Peripheral to something
· Fund-raising is peripheral to their main activities.
(specialist) connected with the outer edge of a particular area
· The peripheral nervous systemperipheral vision
(computing) (of equipment) connected to a computer
· A peripheral device
Phenomenon noun Synonym: Incident, Excellent
A fact or an event in nature or society, especially one that is not fully understood
Cultural/natural/social phenomena
· Globalization is a phenomenon of the 21st century.
· Early retirement is a relatively new phenomenon in Britain.
((North American English)phenomenons) a person or thing that is very successful or impressive
· Qaid e Azam was a phenomenon.
Placebo noun Synonym: Fake pill
A substance that has no physical effects, given to patients who do not need medicine but think that they do, or used when testing new drugs
· The placebo effect (= the effect of taking a placebo and feeling better)
· Half of the people taking part in the experiment were given a placebo.
· The placebo effect means that any treatment will improve patients merely because they want to recover.
Psychodrama noun Synonym: Psychiatry
A way of treating people who are mentally ill by encouraging them to act events from their past to help them understand their feelings
· Many a times a patient needs to be treated by a psychodrama.
A play or film/movie that makes the minds and feelings of the characters more important than the events
· ‘Portraite of an Artist as a Young Man’ is a good example of psychodrama.
Radical adjective Synonym: Far-reaching
Concerning the most basic and important parts of something; thorough and complete
· The need for radical changes in educationdemands for radical reform of the law
· Radical differences between the sexes
New, different and likely to have a great effect
· Radical ideasa radical solution to the problemradical proposals
· The radical wing of the partyradical politicians/students/writers
Rituals noun Synonym: Customs
A series of actions that are always performed in the same way, especially as part of a religious ceremony
· Religious ritualsShe objects to the ritual of organized religion.
Something that is done regularly and always in the same way
· Sunday lunch with the in-laws has become something of a ritual.
Solemnly adverb Synonym: Seriously
Without smiling or looking happy
· He nodded solemnly.
In a very serious and sincere way
· She solemnly promised not to say a word to anyone about it.
· The choir walked solemnly past.
Stimulated verb Synonym: Encourage, Quicken
Stimulate something to make something develop or become more active; to encourage something
· The exhibition has stimulated interest in her work.
· The article can be used to stimulate discussion among students.a government package designed to stimulate economic growth
To make somebody interested and excited about something
Stimulate somebody
· Parents should give children books that stimulate them.
· Both men and women are stimulated by erotic photos (= sexually).
Stimulate somebody to do something
· The conference stimulated him to study the subject in more depth.
Stimulate something (specialist) to make a part of the body function
· The women were given fertility drugs to stimulate the ovaries.
Suggestopedia noun Synonym: Teaching Method
A method of teaching a foreign language in which students learn quickly by being made to feel relaxed, interested and positive
· Now a days most of the elitist schools are facilitating their students to give them a suggestopedic effect to quicken their learning process.
Typeface noun Synonym: Font
A set of letters, numbers, etc. of a particular design, used in printing
· I'd like the heading to be in a different typeface from the text.
· Italic typefaces
Unconscious adjective Synonym: Senseless, Oblivious
In a state like sleep because of an injury or illness, and not able to use your senses
· She was knocked unconscious.
· They found him lying unconscious on the floor.
(of feelings, thoughts, etc.) existing or happening without you realizing or being aware; not deliberate or controlled
· Unconscious desires
· The brochure is full of unconscious humour.
Unconscious of somebody/something not aware of somebody/something; not noticing something; not conscious
· She is unconscious of the effect she has on people.
· He was quite unconscious of the danger.
Variant adjective Synonym: Alternative
Slightly different in form or type from something else
Variant forms of spelling